Hồ Quý Ly

1336 –

8

Who is Hồ Quý Ly?

Hồ Quý Ly, also called Lê Quý Ly, was the founder and first king of the Hồ Dynasty of Vietnam, who rose from the post as a mandarin under Trần Dynasty. His reigning title was Thánh Nguyên.

In 1400, Hồ Quý Ly dethroned the last Trần king and declared himself king, establishing the Hồ Dynasty and renaming the country from Đại Việt to Đại Ngu. During his reign, he made several significant economic and administrative reforms. Back in 1396, he had paper money issued and the circulation of bronze coins banned. In 1397, he had the policy on land limits promulgated, stipulating the area of land to be owned by aristocrats, mandarins and landlords; he ordered to use chữ Nôm as official writing system instead of chữ Hán among others.

Hồ Quý Ly failed to rally his subjects in the war of resistance against attack by Ming's forces. In 1401, he abdicated in favor of his second son Hồ Hán Thương. He was captured in Thien Cam cave and was escorted to China. He was forced to enroll in the Chinese army as a common soldier, where he died. His son, Hồ Hán Thương was appointed a post of mandarin in the Ming court.

Ho Quy Ly has been a subject of controversial debates among Vietnamese historians, some have highly valued his radical thought, while others have regarded him as a guilty usurper. He ordered the construction of a citadel in Thanh Hoa Province in preparation for the prospective resistance to Ming forces. The remnants of this citadel are included in UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites.

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Born
1336
Also known as
  • Ho Quy Ly

Submitted
on July 23, 2013

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