Refaat Al-Gammal

Who was Refaat Al-Gammal?

Refaat Ali Suleiman Al-Gammal, better known as Raafat Al-Haggan in Egypt and as Jack Beton in Israel, was an Egyptian spy who spent 17 years performing clandestine operations in Israel.

Egyptian General Intelligence Directorate, claims that he moved to Israel as an Egyptian Intelligence asset in 1956. He was well-known in the Israeli society and was involved in commercial projects. According to the Egyptians, he provided the Egyptian intelligence service with important information while operating a tourism company as a front. Al-Gammal's intelligence concerned, among other things, the Six-Day War, and he had an important role in the Yom Kippur War by providing Egypt with detailed engineering data about the Bar Lev Line. Al-Gammal is considered a national hero in Egypt Most information about him is still confidential.

Some sources claim that the information published by the Egyptian Intelligence is pure fiction and that the Shin Bet knew about Al-Gammal from the early beginning and converted him into a double agent to work for them, and that he provided many disinformation to the Egyptians which lead to the destruction of the Egyptian Air Force in the Six-Day War.