Charles Talbut Onions

Who was Charles Talbut Onions?

Charles Talbut Onions was an English grammarian and lexicographer and the fourth editor of the Oxford English Dictionary.

Born in Edgbaston, Birmingham, the son of a designer and embosser of metal, Onions early came under the influence of A. J. Smith, the headmaster of the King Edward VI Camp Hill School, where Onions received his first contact with lexicography. He obtained a London BA in 1892 and an MA in 1895, both while attending Mason College, Birmingham.

James Murray invited Onions to join the staff of the Oxford English Dictionary at Oxford in 1895, and in 1914 he began independent editorial work with his own assistants. His Shakespeare Glossary was published in 1911, and in 1933 he co-edited the OED Supplement with William Craigie. Following the death of William Little in 1922, he assumed the editorship of the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary.

Onions served as a fellow and librarian of Magdalen College, Oxford. He was president of the Philological Society from 1929 to 1933 and was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 1938. On completion of the OED, the universities of Oxford, Leeds, and Birmingham conferred honorary degrees upon him. Onions was appointed a Commander of The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire in 1934. In 1945 he succeeded R. W. Chambers as honorary director of the Early English Text Society and worked to extend its publishing program. He was editor of Medium Aevum, the journal of the Society for the Study of Medieval Languages and Literature, from its inception in 1932 to 1956. Onions' last twenty years were largely devoted to completing The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology, which treated over 38,000 words and went to press just prior to his death.