Gabriel Biel

Who was Gabriel Biel?

Gabriel Biel, C.R.S.A., was a German scholastic philosopher and member of the Canons Regular of the Congregation of Windesheim, who were the clerical counterpart to the Brethren of the Common Life.

Biel was born in Speyer and died in Einsiedeln. In 1432 he was ordained to the priesthood and entered Heidelberg University to obtain a baccalaureate. He succeeded academically and became an instructor in the faculty of the arts for three years, until he pursued a higher degree at the University of Erfurt. His first stay was brief, lasting only until he transferred to the University of Cologne. He did not complete his degree there either, and would return to Erfurt in 1451 to finish. The curriculum at these two universities varied greatly, with Cologne stressing St. Thomas Aquinas and overall scholastic curricula heavily, and Erfurt emphasizing William Ockham. Because of his reliance on the scholastic tradition, as well as the nominalist views of Ockham, he is often credited as being an "articulate spokesman of the via moderna and … a discerning user of the thought of via antiqua”.