John C. Woods

Who was John C. Woods?

John Clarence Woods was a United States Army Master Sergeant who, with Joseph Malta, carried out the Nuremberg executions of ten former top leaders of the Third Reich on October 16, 1946 after they were sentenced to death at the Nuremberg Trials. At that time, TIME MAGAZINE credited him with 347 executions so far during a 15-year career. According to recent research, a number of 60 to 70 over a period of two years is more credible.

Born in Wichita, Kansas, Woods joined the US Navy on December 3, 1929, and went AWOL within months. He was convicted at a General Court Martial and subsequently examined by a psychiatric board on April 23, 1930. He was diagnosed with "Constitutional Psychopathic Inferiority without Psychosis", was found "poor service material" and discharged. Before being inducted into the United States Army in August, 1943, Woods was intermittently employed in construction as a laborer, and was working part-time at a feed-store in Eureka, Kansas when he was registered for Selective Service in 1940. He was married to a nurse, Hazel Woods, but had no children.

Before D-Day, American military executions by hanging in the European Theater of Operations occurred in England only and were performed by the civilian executioner Thomas Pierrepoint with assistance by Albert Pierrepoint and other British personnel. When in autumn of 1944 military executions by hanging were scheduled in France, the Army looked for a volunteer enlisted hangman and found Woods, who falsely claimed previous experience as assistant hangman in two cases in Texas and two in Oklahoma - there is no evidence that the Army made any attempt to verify Woods' claims. In fact, Woods had no documented prewar experience as a hangman. Woods at that time was a private and a member of the 37th Engineer Combat Battalion. He was promoted to Master Sergeant and transferred to Paris Disciplinary Training Center. Woods performed as the primary executioner in the hangings of 34 American soldiers at various locations in France over 1944-1945, and assisted in at least three others. Army reports suggest that Woods participated in at least 11 bungled hangings of US soldiers. Between 1944-1946, Woods also participated in the execution of about forty five war criminals at various locations which included Rheinbach, Bruchsal, Landsberg, and Nuremberg.