Jose Martinez de Aldunate

Who was Jose Martinez de Aldunate?

Bishop José Antonio Martínez de Aldunate y Garcés de Marcilla was Chilean Bishop and a member of the First Government Junta of Chile.

He was born in Santiago, the son of José Martínez de Aldunate Barahona and Rosa Josefa Garcés de Marcilla y Molina. He carried out his first studies in the "Convictorio de San Francisco Javier", and graduated from the Real Universidad de San Felipe, where he obtained doctorates in both laws. At an unspecified later date, he was ordered as a priest in the city of Santiago, and in the same city he became Provisor and General Vicar. In 1758, he was named Cathedral Dean. He also became the Rector of the University.

In 1804, Pope Pius VII named him Bishop of Huamanga, Peru, to replace Bishop Francisco de Matienzo y Rivero. He was consecrated by Francisco José Marán, Bishop of Santiago, before travelling to Peru. Five years later, the Regency council promoted him as Bishop of Santiago, being replaced in Huamanga by Bishop José Vicente Silva.

The year 1810 was very complicated politically for the Spanish empire in general, and for Chile in particular. Two years before the King Ferdinand VII had been imprisoned in France. In Chile, the Royal Governor Francisco Antonio García Carrasco had been forced to resign due to his ineptitude and corruption, and had been replaced by Mateo de Toro y Zambrano.